![]() However, more reading gains were made by students who received a balance of discrete literacy and comprehension skills instruction. The study found that when more time is spent on reading in kindergarten-or on academic instruction in general-these children make greater gains than children who receive less time in such instruction. The province of American Institutes for Research study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to look at particular full-day classroom factors and how they are associated with reading gains. The Arizona Department of Education has a sample schedule that includes time for non-academic “specials” and outdoor activity time. For example, a guide for Chicago Public Schools’ full-day kindergarten programs provides guidelines for minimum daily and weekly instructional times in each core subject area, as well as sample schedules that show how to maximize academic instruction. In general, full-day schedules contain more time for core content, especially reading and mathematics. In our review, we found that states have chosen a wide variety of schedules and program models. Organizations such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) have called on districts to provide at least a minimum number of hours for kindergarteners to ensure they are prepared to meet the new standards. ECS found that half-day programs range from a minimum of two hours to three and a quarter hours a day, and full-day programs range from four to seven hours per day. For example, according to ECS, students in one district may receive up to three times more learning and developmental opportunities than those in a nearby district. As a result, there are large inequalities in how incoming kindergarten students will be prepared to meet the increased academic expectations of the Common Core State Standards. ![]() ![]() Research, Data, and Resources to Help Practitioners and PolicymakersĪccording to data compiled by the Education Commission of the States (ECS), only 11 states and the District of Columbia currently require districts to provide publicly funded full-day kindergarten.
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